Risk Factor | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | p-value |
Age (per year) | 1.093 (1.012, 1.180) | 0.023 |
Second stage (per 15-min) | 1.039 (0.989, 1.092) | 0.129 |
Active pushing (per 15-min) | 1.089 (1.005, 1.180) | 0.038 |
Passive pushing (per 15-min) | 1.027 (0.938, 1.125) | 0.561 |
Baby’s head circumference (per 1-cm increase) | 1.014 (0.796, 1.291) | 0.910 |
Baby’s weight (per 100-gram increase) | 0.996 (0.926, 1.072) | 0.906 |
Epidural yes vs. no | 0.584 (0.214, 1.593) | 0.293 |
Episiotomy yes vs. no | 2.708 (0.986,7.433) | 0.053 |
Vacuum yes vs. no | 0.983 (0.156, 6.182) | 0.986 |
Oxytocin yes vs. no | 0.833 (0.352, 1.970) | 0.677 |
Anal tear yes vs. no | 1.211 (0.453, 3.234) | 0.703 |